Endometriosis: Endometriosis is an often-painful condition where tissue similar to the inner lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. It commonly affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the tissue lining the pelvis. Endometriosis can lead to symptoms such as painful periods (dysmenorrhea), pain during or after sex, discomfort with bowel movements or urination, and excessive bleeding. It may also contribute to infertility.
Fallopian tube blockage: Fallopian tube blockage occurs when the tubes connecting the ovaries and the uterus are obstructed. These tubes play a crucial role in fertility, as they transport eggs for fertilization. Common causes of blockage include scar tissue, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, and past surgeries. While blocked tubes can lead to infertility, treatments such as surgery or in vitro fertilization (IVF) may offer hope for conception.
Uterine fibroids: Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or simply fibroids, are common growths of the uterus. These benign tumors consist of smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and other materials. While some women with fibroids experience no symptoms, others may have heavy or painful periods, pelvic pressure, frequent urination, or pain during sex.
Uterine polyps: Uterine polyps, also known as endometrial polyps, are small, soft growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus (endometrium). They can range in size from a few millimeters (no larger than a sesame seed) to several centimeters (golf-ball-size or larger). These polyps may have a large flat base or be attached by a thin stalk. While most uterine polyps are noncancerous (benign), some can be cancerous or precancerous.
Pelvic adhesions: Pelvic adhesions are fibrous bands of scar tissue that form between pelvic organs and tissues, causing them to stick together. These adhesions can result from various causes, including previous surgery, infection, inflammation, or endometriosis. They may lead to pain, infertility, and bowel or bladder dysfunction.
Polycystic ovary syndrome: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women during their reproductive years. It is characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth (hirsutism), acne, and sometimes infertility. The underlying cause is an imbalance of androgens (male hormones). Women with PCOS may have small fluid-filled cysts in their ovaries, which can lead to irregular ovulation.
Egg retrieval: Egg retrieval is a crucial step in in vitro fertilization (IVF). During this procedure, mature eggs (oocytes) are surgically extracted from a woman's ovaries. These retrieved eggs are then combined with the male partner's sperm in a laboratory setting to form embryos. Egg retrieval plays a pivotal role in helping individuals and couples overcome infertility challenges.
